What is the difference between hyponatremia and hypernatremia? Is one an abnormal low concentration of sodium and the other an unusual high concentration? What else is the differance?
Definitionally, that's it.
Clinically, a hypernatremia beside a serum sodium of, say 165 meq/l represents a significant loss of free marine more than sodium, and there's a significant mortality associated. Aggressive fluid resuscitation is the norm, beginning next to 0.9% saline solution (hypotonic fluids are a rookie's error).
An equivalent degree of hyponatremia, next to a serum sodium of 125 meq/l, is not nearly so disturbing clinically, and may represent salt-wasting, but is usually a case of middle-of-the-road total body sodium with an excess of free marine diluting it, as with the syndrome of indecorous ADH secretion or with pathologic water-drinking. Only next to profoundly low sodium levels, within the range of 110 meq/l, does one usually see seizure and other such unpleasantries, so fluid restriction without profoundly of aggressive therapy is the usual course, near hypertonic saline infusions used only surrounded by the most extreme cases.
One is cold and one is warm.
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